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Scientific term:Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn
Good name:Lotus Flower, East Indian Lotus
Background:
The lotus flower is the lotus section lotus to belong to many years to get a water to get herbs, and then call lotus.The ancient time calls lotus, Han Dan, Fu Qu.The lotus flower is produced in China at first, usually planting in the water garden.The lotus is an Indian national flower.
The floral root-stock plants on the silt of the garden pond or the river bottom, and the lotus leaf stand a surface.Grow blossom in stretching out surface several stems of Li rices.The lotus flower grows to 150 the Li rices generally high, horizontal expand to 3 meters.The lotus leaf is the biggest and can attain diameter 60 Li rices.The lotus of stirring person's attention the biggest diameter can reach to 20 Li rices.
The lotus flower contain many different cultivation specieses, assortment from snow-white, yellow go to pale red.
The lotus can breed with the seed or root-stock.The special BE, the seed lotus seed of the lotus flower can survive for last thousand yearses.There was scientist to grow some there are thousand years, the lotus seed of the history, the lotus flower for breeding is still organic full of life.Two ancient lotus seeds of the detection in the Yang Shao cultural ruins, have over in 3000 history, but too precious, do not carry on a cultivation to experiment.
The lotus originates African coast, region(south in Tunisia). Jot down according to the ancient cultural heritage, the fruit of the lotus has miraculous strength.In the Homer of the epic poetry Odyssey, food lotus let the fruit that the attendant of mile west Si ate lotus- Then they will forget an own motherland. The lotus usage's history in the hairdressing wants to trace back to to very several centuries ago. Its ability soft skin, and the Chong blood phenomenon of slow beehive organization.
The scientific term of the lotus flower is a Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Get herbs for many years that belong to the lotus section(Nelumbonaceae), grow the subterranean stem that walks in the mud Central Cross-Island highway, is also the lotus root that we are so called, the appearance of the subterranean stem has two:
The subterranean stem expected before growing is slender, growing the in the late subterranean stem to then become to store bulky appearance.Leaf the shield form, the petiole is located leaf's slice of central.The leaf is growing initial stage is afloat on the surface, the maturity expects to be then pretty to grow out the surface.The flower petal of the pink is the most familiar, the other still is red, wait in vain a color.
The blossom is central to pour coniform part is a floral receptacle, be called lotus Peng generally.The lotus seed is the generic name of the fruit and seed, being called nutlet(nutlet) on the botany, presenting oval, being located the top of the floral receptacle cave go into of place.After lotus seed goes to hull namely seed, grow skin thinner, bring brown, "lotus seed" that we eat is "cotyledon" that have already removed to grow skin and Pei, the color presents white, this appearance characteristic that is the lotus flower mostly.
Chemical ingredients:
1. nuciferine, N-nornuciferine, pronuciferine, neferine, liensinine, isoliensinine, [oxoushinsunine, liriodenine] , nornuciferine, N-methylasimilobine, anonaine, roemerine, armepavine, N-norarmepavine, asimilobine, lirinidine, higenamine.
2. quercetin, rutin, hype rin, [1, 4-dimethoxybenzene], [tri ethylcitrate], [HCl-sol petin, PA], [acetate buffer-sol pectin, PB], [Na hexametaphosphate-sol pectin, PC], raffiniose, hemicellulose, cellulose, nucleic acid, [beta-sitosteryl fatty ester], chlorophyll, eythritol.
Medicinal, Economic and Nutraceutical Importance
Lotus possesses many medicinal, economic and nutraceutical properties. In the ancient medicinal literature, it has been reported in several Ayurvedic formulations as sweet, cooling, astringent, demulcent useful in weakness, dysentery, diarrhoea, in burning sensation during fever and also in curing cough and cold. The flowers are commended as cardiotonic, liver, urinary and veneral disorders. The seeds are highly valued in conception, blood disorders and as cooling medicine. The leaves and rhizomes in powdered form are prescribed for the treatment of piles. The rhizomes and fresh seeds are edible and cooked for the preparation of several delicious dishes. The farinaceous rhizomes ‘Kamal Kakdi’ are edible and sold in the vegetable market. The leaves are used as plates in rural areas for serving the food. Lotus flowers are in great demand in the floriculture market.
Hypoglycaemic activity of Nelumbo nucifera gaertn. (Fam. Nymphaeaceae) rhizome (methanolic extract) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
The hypoglycaemic effect of the rhizome extract of Nelumbo nucifera was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A methanol extract of the plant obtained by soxhlet extraction from finely pulverized rhizomes was used. The LD50 of the extract was found to be 2 g/kg. The extract (300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, orally) caused a reduction of blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by 53% (p<0.001) and 55% (p<0.001) respectively at the end of 12 h. The results of this study indicate that the methanol extract of the rhizome possesses favourable hypoglycaemic activity in hyperglycaemic animals taking chlorpropamide as a standard.
The proinflammatory cytokine of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF) level in the serum of LPS-challenged mice. Simultaneously, supplementation with lotus plumule significantly increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 produced by peritoneal macrophages from LPS-challenged mice. The results indicated that lotus plumule supplementation significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF- and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. It can be concluded that lotus plumule supplementation before systemic inflammation attenuates the acute inflammation status in vivo.
By using RT-PCR method, complete cds of CuZnSOD gene were amplified from cDNA of Nelumbo nucifera (lotus). Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA clone revealed that it was 461 base pair, and that comprises start codon and stop codon which encoded a protein of 152 amino acid residues with molecular weight of 1.552×10^4 and isoelectric point(PI) of 4.515. Comparing these sequences with other CuZnSOD genes from GenBank, it reveals a similarity higher than 80%-86% at the nucleotide level, and 89%-94% at the amino acid level. All known key-functional sites are still existed in it. Phylogenic tree a nalysis between Nelumbo nucifera CuZnSOD and other plant CuZnSOD like protein provide evidence at the molecular biology level for the establishment of the systematics of Nelumbo which is still disputed.
The pharmacology acts:
The son includes nuci- Fierce and cruel be like the material contain the antispasm action.The leaf extracted the thing and drop Lou to show direct vaso- Inflate an action and ease to reduce the experiment animal a blood pressure function.The crystal liensinine and the seed of the maturity the dry plumule was isolated to show that change to reduce the blood pressure function in a sudden with strong with long time period of action be change to the n methyl alcohol dendronbium be the non- crystal alkaloid Nn-9 has the stronger low sulfurous acid Na tensive action and tachyphylaxis.The anti-virus function that the dry lotus stamen is shown
The leaf contains various alkaloids:Lotus leaf alkali(nuciferine), N-go to A lotus leaf alkali(N-nornucife-rine) O-go to A lotus leaf alkali(O-nornuciferine), cattle heart fruit alkali(anonaine), round Mei alkali(roemerine), Asia and America Pa alkali(armepavine), the N-A Ji Heng state black medicine alkali(N-methylcoclaurine), original lotus leaf alkali(pronuci-ferine), the goose Zhang Qiu alkali(liriodenine) and go to the oxygen round the Mei alkali(dehydroroemerine).Contain another the lotus leaf(nelumboside), Hu skin vegetable, different Hu skin and vitamin C, tartaric acid, the Gou Yuan sour, the malic acid, grass is sour, the amber is sour, the glucose is sour, the Rou quality, also contains the alkaline composition that the anti- has the silk abruption function.
Sex flavor and effect
The flavor is bitter and astringent, sex is even.There is hot the pure heat solution, rise to deliver pure sun, the cool blood stops bleeding of function.Use vexed thirst in the hotness, hot and wet leak Xie, the Pi leaks Xie falsely, the blood heat vomits Nyu, then the blood collapse to leak.The lotus leaf Tan refrains from rash action to turn Yu to stop bleeding.Use are dizzy in various issue of blood diseases and the postnatal period blood.
Dosage:3-9 gs;The fresh article can use a 15-30 gs;Lotus leaf Tan 3-6 gs.
The pharmacology function and clinical application
The lotus leaf alkali material uses the solution Jing function to the smooth muscle.Put forward the alkaloid and flavonoid to make in to immerse the cream slice from the lotus leaf, in order to cholesterol-lowering with the cholesterol and the obesity.The lotus leaf immerses with fried can extend directly blood vessel in the animal the experiment, causing degree to decline to press in etc..
Lately natural reduce a heavy material, have absorption of repressing the sugar and fat and resolve, burn three greatest effects, is the new jinx of the high fat food.
The lotus leaf contains compositions, such as alkaloid, lotus leaf alkali lotus leaf alkali nuciferine and the lotus alkali...etc., can lower internal heat, help digest, maintain engaging physique
The lotus alkali Roemerine original lotus leaf alkali Nornnciferine is Asia and America a Ying Su alkali dl-Armepavine
Repress the surplus carbohydrate absorption, promote the fat resolve, ?Come to the cell function of the fat combustion)
Have lotus alkali, lotus leaf alkali, original lotus leaf alkali, the Jue skin vegetable, lotus leaf flavonoid in the lotus leaf according to the measurement, The clinical application proves that the fat person usually cooks a gruel to eat with the fresh lotus leaf of washing the Jing, reducing weight curative effect obvious.Use the fresh lotus leaf generation a tea bubble to drink, use to do the lotus leaf generation a tea bubble to drink in winter, all there is curative effect.
The lotus leaf gets leaf's slice of the herbs lotus for many year waters.Its chemistry composition mainly has the sour sour sour lotus leaf alkali, lemon, malic acid, glucose, grass, amber sour and other anti-s to have the alkaline composition of the silk abruption function.The pharmacology research finds the lotus leaf has a solution heat, suppress germ and solve a Jing function.
Its adsorbing grease an ability is an appetite to absorb an ability of 5-800%, so side effect, Good reduce weight, relax bowel result, take the row oil Fatty Bag 15 days, row be the result of the oil more than an imagination, move bowels to haveLyu, constipation, abdominal distension, ElephantHave, does the blood fat decline a bottom, Is the skin an oil not, Isn't the small pimple, The woman is more beautiful, the man also changes of spirit a hundredfold.Take the lotus leaf alkali ingredient as to reduce weight the capsule of the weight reduction to have already become popular Korea, Japan, French etc.?House is the product that reduces weight, regulates the blood fat function.
The lotus leaf is fresh and cool decline fire, remove a grease inside the body and reach to reduce weight result.Have nerve of stability, help digest, remove fatigue and cure an out of tune function of endocrine.The work pressure is big, life the strain cause the constipation, halitosis, pimple, the piles crest suggestion be able to take much.
The lotus leaf ethanol extracts the thing hardenned to the artery gruel form to develop in early days its influence
The artery gruel form's hardenning disease is the civilization disease of the modern people, also is the main disease of 21 centuries, have something to do with the artery gruel form hardenning disease according to the covariance data of Department of Health Year 92 of the Republic of China of death, in the people ten bigly the cause of death namely had three items, include cerebral disease, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure disease.
The lotus leaf is the leaf of the plant lotus(the Nelumbo nucifera), from ancient time namely in order to pure solution hotness, spreads the use that the Yu stops bleeding.Point out it has abundant antioxidant quality according to the research, test a result a manifestation the lotus leaf ethanol extract the acetic acid B ester of the thing distinction layer to have live oxygen of the best clearance to belong to the free radicals ability, and can repress the copper ion inducement human body to leave the body low density fat egg white to oxidize effectively, showing the acetic acid B ester a distinction a layer may have to reduce to oxidize pressure in order to prevent the ability of the artery gruel form hardening, can also promote in the meantime huge bite cell to gobble up to oxidize the low density fat egg white, and can decelerate huge bites the foam cell that the cell develops and oxidizes the inflammation reaction that the low density fat egg white inducts, show the acetic acid B ester distinction layer possibility to harden to the artery gruel form to develop to have the influence ability in early days, and by this effect that reaches defer the artery gruel form to harden a development.
Containing abundant natural plant meal fiber can promote the bowel way peristalsis, increase satisfied foot feeling, make the night soil comparison soft and be easy to eject a body inside, have a bowel movement smoothly, let the body have no burden easily.
Was been by the clinical studies confimation cholesterol-lowering, go to the fat and the deceleration coronary, angina pectoris etc. effect
Because of having lotus alkali, lotus leaf alkali, original lotus leaf alkali, the Jue skin plain, lotus leaf flavonoid , The clinical application proves for fat really have already reduced heavy effect.And there is abundant mineral quality, vitamin, iron etc., fresh and cool back fire, promote metabolism, help digest, go to oil to get fed up with eliminating, have a bowel movement smoothly.Modern people because of widespread food excess, the lotus leaf can make the life turn down burden, having a function of expeling the body endotoxin and the surplus humidity, relaxing bowel smoothly, to reduce weight more helpful.
The main chemistry composition of the lotus leaf has the sour lotus leaf alkali, lemon, grass sour etc., mainly reducing weight a function is the lotus leaf alkali, the pharmacology research enunciation, the lotus leaf has the benefit urine to relax bowel, bowel poison, decline a fat in addition to oil, the pure and hot solution heat etc. function, can reduce serum obviously is three Chuns and the cholesterol content in the glycerin, have a health care function of regulating the blood fat.Adopting the lotus leaf reduces weight and doesn't need to be dieted intentionally, having no side effect to the human body.
Beauty Benefits :
l Equilibrium grease.
l Tight Zhi pore.
l Avoiding the water runs off.Smooth to also add ample humidity of skin
l Nourish, make soft and tender delicacy of skin.
l The geniality maintains a skin and makes the skin own a very soft and high and delicate degree feeling.
l Contain vitamin C.The mineral salt has already refrained from rash action and make the skin water function that is growing to turn.
l Having the town settles, and anti- aging result
l Can smooth and add ample humidity of skin, so can make the skin reach to hold out for long time clean white.